Caledonia State Park

The 1,125-acre Caledonia State Park is in Adams and Franklin counties, midway between Chambersburg and Gettysburg on US 30. Caledonia is in the northernmost section of the Blue Ridge Mountains known locally as South Mountain. Blue Mountain, the easternmost ridge of the Allegheny Mountains, is to the west and northwest of the park across a large low, rolling, fertile valley known as the Great Valley. South Mountain is mostly composed of a hard rock called quartzite. The valleys on either side are underlined with limestone and shale. The soil is ideal for fruit production, proven by the abundance of orchards in the surrounding area. Caledonia is a featured park, November, in the 2009 Pennsylvania State Parks Calendar.

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Directions - Weather  - Recreation  - Winter Report  - Environmental Education  - Calendar of Events  - Accessibility  - History  - Nearby Attractions  - Volunteers  - Rules and Regs  - In an Emergency  - Contact Us  - Downloadables and Maps

Park Advisories

Directions

Caledonia is at the intersection of US 30 and PA 233.

Recreational Opportunities

Hiking  - Picnicking  - Swimming  - Fishing  - Hunting  - Golf  - Organized Group Tenting  - Cabins  - Camping

Picnicking: More than 450 picnic tables are provided for year-round use. Two picnic pavilions may be reserved up to 11 months in advance for a fee. Unreserved picnic pavilions are free on a first-come, first-served basis. Make a reservation

Fishing: The East Branch Conococheague and Rocky Mountain creeks and Carbaugh Run flow through the park and the surrounding state forest lands, offering many exciting places for anglers. Brown trout, rainbow trout, native brook trout and some warm-water game fish can be found in these streams.

For complete information on fishing rules and regulations in Pennsylvania, visit the Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission Web site.

Hiking: 10 miles of trails The trails pass through forests and historic areas. A brochure on the hiking trails is available at the park office. The Appalachian National Scenic Trail, which extends 2,000 miles from Springer Mountain in northern Georgia to Mount Katahdin in central Maine, traverses the central portion of Caledonia.

Swimming: The park features a large, ADA accessible swimming pool with a small snack bar. The pool is open 11 a.m. to 7 p.m. from Memorial Day weekend to Labor Day, unless posted otherwise.

Golf: An 18 hole, par 68, public golf course is available. Constructed in the late 1920s, the course is the oldest and one of the most scenic courses in south central Pennsylvania. For more information contact Caledonia Golf Enterprises, Inc., P.O. Box 195, Fayetteville, PA 17222, 717-352-7271.

Hunting and Firearms: About 740 acres are open to hunting, trapping and the training of dogs during established seasons. Common game species are deer, rabbit, squirrel and turkey. Hunting is permitted in the adjacent Michaux State Forest.

Hunting woodchucks, also known as groundhogs, is prohibited. Dog training is only permitted from the day following Labor Day to March 31 in designated hunting areas. The Department of Conservation and Natural Resources and the Pennsylvania Game Commission rules and regulations apply. Contact the park office for accessible hunting information.

Use extreme caution with firearms at all times. The park is used by other visitors during hunting seasons. Firearms and archery equipment may be uncased and ready for use only in authorized hunting areas during hunting seasons. In areas not open to hunting or during non-hunting seasons, firearms and archery equipment must be kept in the owner's car, trailer or camp.

For complete information on hunting rules and regulations in Pennsylvania, visit the Pennsylvania Game Commission Web site.

Stay the Night

Camping: modern restrooms with showers
About 170 tent and trailer sites are available in two campgrounds. The camping season opens the day before trout season in March and ends after deer season in December.

Chinquapin Hill Campground is nestled on the side of a mountain with plenty of shade trees and is close to the swimming pool. Some sites have electrical hookups.

Hosack Run Campground is one mile from the main day use area. It has moderately level, open and shaded sites, and offers hot showers, flush toilets, electrical hookups, a dump station and small playground for children. Pets are permitted at all sites. Two special campsites are set aside for people with disabilities with a nearby family-assist restroom.

Explore the campground maps.

Explore camping for more information.

Make a reservation

Unique Houses: Two homes are available for rent year-round.

House #1 is a 1½ -story frame house with a modern kitchen, bathroom, dining room, living room, central heat and three bedrooms that sleep ten people. This house is near US 30.

House #2 is a two-story frame house with a modern kitchen, closed-in porch, 1½ baths, dining room, living room, central heat and three bedrooms that sleep ten people.

Explore cabins for more information.

Make a reservation

Organized Group Tenting: Organized adult and youth groups of up to 100 people can rent this modern area, which is open the day before trout season in March to the 4th Sunday in October. There are flush toilets, picnic tables and fire rings. Advance reservations are required.

Explore organized group tenting for more information.

Environmental Education

A seasonal naturalist offers campfire programs, guided hikes and environmental education programs in the summer months.

Explore the Calendar of Events for a listing of events from today forward.

Explore environmental education and interpretation for more information.

Access for People with Disabilities

If you need an accommodation to participate in park activities due to a disability, please contact the Pennsylvania Bureau of State Parks:
888-PA-PARKS (voice)
888-537-7294 (TTY)
711 (AT&T Relay Services)

History

Caledonia State Park has seen the worst and best of human nature.

Caledonia is the name invading Romans gave to northern Britain. It is also the name of the county in Vermont where Thaddeus Stevens was born, in 1792. Overcoming a childhood of prejudice and poverty, Stevens attended Dartmouth College. After graduation he moved to York, Pennsylvania, and taught school while getting a degree in law. He soon became a very successful lawyer. Stevens was elected to the Pa. House of Representatives in 1833, where he led the fight for public schools. As a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, Stevens fought for equal rights for immigrants and women, then became an ardent abolitionist.

Stevens built a charcoal iron works in Franklin County, which opened in 1837. He named it Caledonia. A self-contained village, Caledonia had a charcoal iron furnace, forge, rolling mill, stables, warehouses, blacksmith shops, sawmill, and 60 tenement houses for the workers and their families. Furnace foreman William Hammett was a conductor for the Underground Railroad. It is unknown if the Railroad passed through Caledonia. The furnace employed some black workers.

During the Gettysburg Campaign of the American Civil War, the confederate cavalry of General J.A. Early raided throughout southern Pennsylvania but followed a policy to destroy no private property or industry. The cavalry burned and pillaged Caledonia. Gen. Early explained his actions, “Mr. Stevens is an enemy of the South. He is in favor of confiscating their property and arming the Negroes. His property must be destroyed.”

Furnace Manager John Sweeney rebuilt the iron furnace and a forge, which operated until 1870.

Stevens died in 1868, having seen his dream of a free south fulfilled.

The Dillers purchased Caledonia in 1887 and operated a quarry for ganister sand and other minerals. In 1903, the land was sold to the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania as part of the new Forest Reserve System, to be a future supply of timber and be “outings grounds for citizens.”

The Chambersburg and Gettysburg Electric Railway Company leased the park and made it a destination for their trolley line by building amusement rides and a dance pavilion. In the heyday of the Lincoln Highway (early 1900s) Caledonia became a featured stop. The Graeffenburg Inn was a great place to eat.

In 1922, Robert Miller built a nine-hole golf course, which later became 18 holes. In 1927, the Pa. Alpine Club reconstructed the old furnace stack as a reduced scale model. In 1933, during the Great Depression, the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) built a camp in Scotland, Pennsylvania. The young, unemployed men worked building roads and recreational facilities in and around Caledonia.

For more information on the CCC, explore the Civilian Conservation Corps Online Archive.

Pieces of Caledonia’s history remain. The furnace stack (although rebuilt), the blacksmith shop, millrace, furnace dam and scattered charcoal hearths remain from the charcoal era. The railroad bed once held trolley cars of tourists who mixed with visitors who drove on the first transcontinental highway, now US 30. Thanks to the work of the CCC boys, Caledonia has beautiful forests, trails, and pavilions. Caledonia State Park suffered through war, vengeance and industrial overuse to be restored by the early conservation movement. Let’s all work to insure that Caledonia State Park continues to see the best of human nature.

Totem Pole Playhouse

Since 1952, the Totem Pole Playhouse, a summer stock theater, has offered performances during the summer months. Request a schedule of shows by contacting: Totem Pole Playhouse, 9555 Golf Course Road, P.O. Box 603, Fayetteville, PA 17222, 888-805-7056, www.totempoleplayhouse.org.

Nearby Attractions

For information on other tourist attractions in the area contact either the Gettysburg Convention and Visitors Bureau, 717-334-2100. www.gettysburg.com

Michaux State Forest: This 83,949-acre forest features hunting, fishing and general outdoor recreation. 717-352-2211

Gettysburg National Military Park: This historic military site is operated by the National Park Service and preserves and explains the events that occurred on the Gettysburg Battlefield during the Civil War, 717-334-1124. www.nps.gov.gett

In an Emergency

Contact a park employee or dial 911.
For directions to the nearest hospital, look on bulletin boards or at the park office.

Nearest Hospital:
Chambersburg Hospital
112 North Seventh Street
Chambersburg, PA 17201
717-267-3000

For More Information Contact

Caledonia State Park
101 Pine Grove Road
Fayetteville, PA 17222-8224
717-352-2161
Manager: R. Bruce McFate

E-mail: caledoniasp@state.pa.us
An equal opportunity employer

Make online reservations or call toll-free 888-PA-PARKS, 7 a.m. to 5 p.m. Monday to Saturday, for state park information and reservations.

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